Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is a potential treatment option for gastrointestinal (GI) diseases. The present study aimed to understand the physiological effects of VNS on gastrointestinal (GI) function. which is crucial for developing more effective adaptive closed-loop VNS therapies for GI diseases. Electrogastrography (EGG). https://www.piombinos.com/product-category/beard-care/